There are a lot of treatments available for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but not every treatment will your specific needs. Focalin (dexmethylphenidate) and Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) are prescription drugs often prescribed to treat ADHD. But when it comes to Focalin vs Adderall, which should you choose?

This article explains what you need to know about Focalin and Adderall, so you can be armed with knowledge when talking to your healthcare provider about your options.

Want to talk to a mental health professional about the differences between Focalin and Adderall but don’t have time to wait weeks for an appointment? No problem — Klarity Health makes online ADHD treatment fast and convenient. Schedule an appointment today, and talk to an ADHD-trained medical provider about Focalin and Adderall in 24 hours or less.*

	Focalin	Adderall
Drug class	Schedule II stimulant	Schedule II stimulant
Brand / generic status	Brand name for dexmethylphenidate	Brand name for amphetamine salts
Form(s) of the drug	Immediate-release tablets; extended-release capsules	Immediate release tablets; extended-release capsules
Standard dosage	2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg immediate-release tablets 5 mg to 35 mg extended-release capsules	5 mg to 30 mg tablets 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg, 25 mg, and 30 mg capsules
Conditions treated	FDA-approved uses: • ADHD Off-label uses: • Narcolepsy	FDA-approved uses: • ADHD • Narcolepsy Off-label uses: • Depression • Anxiety • Bipolar disorder (rare)
Cost	Brand-name: Focalin • $81 to $156 for 100 immediate-release oral tablets • $1,400 to $1,656 for 100 XR capsules. Generic form (dexmethylphenidate): • $31 for 100, 2.5 mg tablets • up to $582 for 100, 35 mg extended-release capsules	Brand-name Adderall: • $1,139 for 100 immediate-release oral tablets • $760 for 100 XR capsules Generic name: amphetamine/dextroamphetamine $69 for 100 extended-release capsule • $24 to $63 for 100 immediate-release tablets
Side-effects	Trouble sleeping • Nausea • Stomach pain, headache • Nervousness • Loss of appetite • Weight loss • Dizziness Serious side-effects: • Signs of blood flow problems in the fingers or toes • Unusual wounds • Irregular heartbeat • Behavior changes • Uncontrolled muscle movements • Sudden verbal outbursts • Vision changes	Common side-effects: • Decreased appetite • Weight loss • Dry mouth • Nausea • Headache • Fever • Trouble sleeping Serious side-effects: • Signs of blood flow problems • Behavior changes • Uncontrolled movements • Shortness of breath • Irregular heartbeat • Seizures • Trouble speaking
Warnings For Use	Warnings: • May be habit-forming • Effectiveness decreases over time • Interactions with other drugs—consult a doctor before use Drug interactions: • Blood pressure medication • Antidepressants	Drug interactions: • SSRIs and SNRIs • Blood pressure medication • Acid reflux medication • Blood thinners • Cold or allergy medication • Opioid-based medications • Seizure medication

Focalin (dexmethylphenidate)

Forms and dosages

Focalin and generic dexmethylphenidate are available as oral tablets in both an immediate-release and extended-release formula called Focalin XR and dexmethylphenidate extended release. Immediate-release tablets come in 2.5, 5, and 10 milligrams doses. And extended release dosages include 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 milligrams.

Focalin XR is the same medication as Focalin but its therapeutic effects typically last 12 hours instead of 4. Both drugs take an average of 45 minutes to start working.

Indications and conditions treated

Focalin is U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved to treat the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), including the inability to pay attention or focus for extended amounts of time, in children, adolescents, and adults. It can also help control behavior problems and may improve overall listening skills.

Costs

The cost of dexmethylphenidate, the generic version of Focalin, ranges from $31 to $55 for 100 for the oral tablet and from $282 to $582 for 100 of the extended-release oral capsules according to drugs.com. Most insurance plans cover Focalin.

The cost for brand-name Focalin ranges from $81 to $156 for 100 immediate-release oral tablets. 100 Focal XR tablets cost from $1,400 to $1,656 for the different doses.

Side effects

Some of Focalin’s more common side effects include:

Trouble sleeping
Nausea
Stomach pain, headache
Nervousness
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Dizziness

In rare cases, Focalin can cause serious side effects. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following:

Signs of blood flow problems in the fingers or toes
Unusual wounds
Irregular heartbeat
Behavior changes
Uncontrolled muscle movements
Sudden verbal outbursts
Vision changes

In rare cases, males may experience a painful or prolonged erection lasting four or more hours.

Warnings for use

Dependency warning: Focalin is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance due to its high potential for abuse and dependence. It’s most commonly prescribed to treat ADHD and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional — misuse or use without a prescription can lead to dependence, addiction, and serious health consequences.

It’s crucial to take Focalin exactly as prescribed and not to share it with others. Abrupt discontinuation or misuse can result in withdrawal symptoms, including extreme fatigue, depression, and mood swings. If you or someone you know is struggling with Focalin dependency, seek immediate medical assistance.

Possible drug interactions

Here are some possible drug interactions with brand-name Focalin and generic Focalin, dexmethylphenidate:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Ritalin and Focalin should not be taken with MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping or starting MAOI treatment due to the risk of a dangerous drug interaction.
Blood pressure medications: Some blood pressure medications, such as beta-blockers and alpha-2 agonists, may interact with Focalin and increase the risk of side effects such as high blood pressure, heart palpitations, and arrhythmia.
Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants, can increase the levels of Focalin in the body and lead to a greater risk of side effects.
Antipsychotics: Antipsychotic medications may interfere with the effectiveness of Focalin and decrease its ability to control symptoms of attention ADHD.
Seizure medications: Some seizure medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, can increase the metabolism of Focalin, which can lower its effectiveness.
Acid reducers: Acid reducers, like proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers, can increase the absorption of Focalin, which can lead to higher levels of the drug in the body and an increased risk of side effects.

It’s important to talk to your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you’re taking before starting Focalin.

Adderall

Forms and dosages

Adderall and generic amphetamine/dextroamphetamine are available as oral tablets in both an immediate-release and extended-release formula called Adderall XR and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine extended-release. The Immediate-release tablets come in 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 20, and 30 milligrams doses. And extended release dosages include 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 milligrams.

Immediate-release Adderall and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine can often be taken two to three times a day. Adderall XR and amphetamine/dextroamphetamine extended release only need to be taken once a day.

Indications and conditions treated

Adderall is FDA-approved to treat ADHD and the sleep disorder narcolepsy but can also be used off-label (for a condition it’s not specifically approved to treat) to treat other disorders, including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.

Costs

If an individual doesn’t have insurance, brand-name Adderall can cost about $1,139 for 100 immediate-release oral tablets. Adderall XR costs $760 for 100 capsules. Generic amphetamine/dextroamphetamine costs $69 for 100 extended-release capsules or from $24 to $63 for 100 immediate-release tablets. Costs are according to drugs.com.

Side effects

The side effects of Adderall are similar to Focalin. Common side effects include:

Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Dry mouth
Nausea
Headache
Fever
Trouble sleeping

Notify your provider or seek medical attention if you experience more severe side effects, including:

Signs of blood flow problems
Behavior changes
Uncontrolled movements
Shortness of breath
Irregular heartbeat
Seizures
Trouble speaking

Warnings for use

Dependency warning: Adderall contains mixed amphetamine salts and is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance, which means it has one of the highest potentials for abuse or dependence compared to other stimulant medications. Though it has medical uses as a treatment for ADHD, misuse, overuse, or use without a prescription can lead to addiction, dependence, and severe health consequences. It’s crucial to take Adderall as prescribed and under the supervision of a healthcare provider.

Abrupt discontinuation or misuse of Adderall can result in withdrawal symptoms. such as extreme fatigue, depression, and mood swings. If you experience these symptoms or believe you may be dependent, seek medical assistance immediately or call 911.

Those with bipolar disorder or other mood disorders should talk to their healthcare provider before taking Adderall, as it can cause mania.

Possible drug interactions

There are several possible drug interactions you need to look out for when taking Adderall and generic Adderall:

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Adderall should not be taken with MAOIs or within 14 days of stopping or starting MAOI treatment due to the risk of a dangerous drug interaction.
Blood pressure medications: Some blood pressure medications, such as beta-blockers and alpha-2 agonists, can interact with Adderall and increase the risk of cardiovascular side effects, such as high blood pressure, heart palpitations, and arrhythmia.
Antidepressants: Some antidepressants, including SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants, can increase the levels of Adderall in the body and lead to a greater risk of negative side effects.
Antipsychotics: Antipsychotic medications may interfere with the effectiveness of Adderall and decrease its ability to control symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Seizure medications: Some seizure medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, can increase the metabolism of Adderall, which can lower its effectiveness.
Acid reducers: Acid reducers like proton pump inhibitors and H2 blockers can increase the absorption of Adderall, which can lead to higher levels of the drug in the body and an increased risk of side effects.
Vitamin C: High doses of vitamin C can increase the levels of Adderall in the body, increasing the risk of side effects.

You must consult with your healthcare provider about any medications or supplements you are taking before starting Adderall.

Focalin vs Adderall

Both Focalin and Adderall are central nervous system (CNS) stimulants that affect certain neurotransmitters in the brain. While both medications improve the effectiveness of norepinephrine (a neurotransmitter and a hormone), Focalin targets the brain’s usage of dopamine (a neurotransmitter), while Adderall targets serotonin (a chemical that transmitts messages between nerve cells). For individuals with ADHD, an increase in the efficacy of these neurotransmitters can help reduced the lack of focus most commonly associated with the disorder.

Focalin contains dexmethylphenidate, a mild stimulant that is used to treat ADHD. Adderall contains amphetamine salts, which are central nervous system stimulants that work to restore imbalance in the brain.

Focalin and Adderall come in similar dosages, but Adderall has more available dosages for an individual’s unique needs. Both medications also come in an extended-release form that doesn’t have to be taken as often, though Adderall is often slightly more expensive than Focalin. Focalin and Adderall can have serious interactions with other medications and should only be taken under the supervision of a licensed clinician.

Some studies have shown that the methylphenidate, an ingredient n Focalin, is more effective in treating children and adolescents, while the amphetamines in Adderall are more effective in adults. Adderall is the most common prescription treatment for ADHD and is one most prescribed by mental health providers.

Due to the stimulant nature of Focalin and Adderall, individuals with high blood pressure or any other heart condition should exercise caution when taking either one of them. If you experience a severe headache, anxiety, chest pain, uneven heartbeat, or shortness of breath after taking either of these drugs, you should stop taking them and contact your medical provider immediately.

Risk of dependency for Focalin and Adderall

Both Focalin and Adderall are CNS stimulant medications classified as Schedule II controlled substances by the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). This means that they have a high potential for abuse and dependence.

As Schedule II substances, Focalin and Adderall have restrictions on how they can be prescribed and dispensed. In addition, possession of Focalin and Adderall without a valid prescription is illegal and can result in criminal charges. It’s important to use these medications only as prescribed and to keep them in a secure location to prevent misuse or diversion.

Focalin vs Adderall: which ADHD medication should you take?

Finding the right ADHD medication can be a complex process, so it’s important to consider all possible factors to avoid a negative outcome. Speak with your healthcare provider about your medical history and all of the medications you take to avoid any serious drug interactions or side effects.

Find out which ADHD treatment is right for you

Focalin and Adderall can appear to be similar medications, but their differences make talking to an ADHD-trained medical provider a must. When you book on Klarity Health, you can speak with a board-certified health professional to get up to date on the Focalin vs Adderall question. And to determine which one, if either, is right for your treatment plan.

Klarity Health offers modern mental health treatment designed by busy people for busy people.

No more waiting weeks for an appointment and even more weeks for a follow-up.
Meet at your convenience at a time and place you choose.
ADHD treatment delivered right to your pharmacy if medically necessary.

Book a virtual assessment with an ADHD-trained mental health provider in 24 hours or less.*

How we reviewed this article: This article went through rigorous fact-checking by a team of medical reviewers. Reviewers are trained medical professionals who ensure each article contains the most up-to-date information, and that medical details have been correctly interpreted by the author. Learn more about the editorial and medical review process and standards for the HelloKlarity site.

*Appointments are generally available within 24 hours. Free initial consultations are available only with select providers. Prescriptions, particularly for controlled substances, may require an in-person evaluation depending on the state of residence and current federal regulations.

The information provided in this article is for educational purposes only and should not be construed as medical advice. Controlled substances may not be appropriate for all patients and any mention of these medications is for educational purposes only, not for marketing or encouraging self-diagnosis. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional with any questions or concerns you have regarding your health. Providers on Klarity Health are independent practitioners with clinical autonomy. Nothing in this article is intended to diagnose or treat any condition, including guaranteeing prescription medication of any kind or dosage. Not all providers on Klarity Health prescribe all medications, particularly medications that are controlled substances.

If you’re having a mental health crisis or experiencing a psychiatric emergency, it’s crucial to seek immediate help from a mental healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist, psychologist, or therapist. You can also call your local emergency services, visit your nearest emergency room, or contact a crisis hotline, such as the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline, by calling or texting 988 or dialing the Lifeline’s previous phone number, 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) in the U.S.